Radio receiving apparatus



J. A. BISHOP RADIO RECEIVING APPARATUS Filed June 10, 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. A. BISHOP RADIO RECEIVING- APPARATUS Filed June 10, 1926 Oct. 30, 1928.

Oct. 30, 1928.

' J. A. BISHOP RADIG RECEIVING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 10, 1926 hfg 2 6/? Patented Oct. 30, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. 1

JAMES .A BISHOP, OE EAS GOUTAH, ILLINOIS; LULU H. BISHOB ADMINISTBATRIX OE SAID JAMES A. BISHQP, DECEASED.

RADIO nncmvme APPARATUS.

Application filed June 10, 1926*.

This invention has to do with improvements in radio receiving apparatus and the like. The invention relates particularly to improvements in the incoming circuits and connections for delivering the. radio current to the detecting, rectifying and translating apparatus. The invention may also be considered as improvements in the aerial or receiving connections. 4

One of the features of the invention relates to the provision of means for eliminating static from the incoming line so as to do away with the interference and objectionable noises caused thereby. In this connection it -is an object of the invention to provide means for dissipating the static energy from the incoming circuit in advance of the usual receiving apparatus. In this connection it is an object to eliminate the static energy from the circuit at a point intermediate between the aerial and the receiving apparatus as usually referred to. 1

A further object in connection with the foregoing is to secure the above results without materially reducing or interfering with the radio signals which it is desired to receive and translate; and in fact-another feature of the invention relates to the provision of means whereby the radio signals themselves will be mellowed and greatly improved both as to tone'and qualitv.

In connection with the foregoing it is a fur ther object to mellow the tone and quality of the received signals as well as to eliminate and dissipate the static interference. in an apparatus of very small size and which may be compactly assembled into a convenient case.

Other objects and uses of the invention will appear from a. detailed description of the same which consists in the features of consti'uction and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings Fig 1 shows a. plan view of a device embodying the features of the present invention. the top cover being turned into the open position so as to reveal the tone mellowing and quality improving mechanism: Fig. 1 may also be considered as a horizontal section of the line 1-1 of Figure 3 looking in the direction of the arrows:

Fig. 2 shows a plan view looking at the top face of the bottom cover: and may be considered a. section on the line 22 of Fig. 3 looking in the direction of the arrows:

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section on theline Serial No. 115,007.

Fig. 4: is an end view of the bottom cover looking in the direction of the arrows 4 t in Fig. 2; i

Fig. 5 shows a cross section on an enlarged scale through one of the static eliminating rods of the construction in Figs. l, 2, 3, and 4;

Fig. 6 shows a cross section on enlarged scale through another modified form of static eliminating rod; and I Fig. 7 shows a diagram of a modified form of circuit in which the incoming circuit from the aerial may be modified before reaching the device of the present invention.

Before proceeding to explain in detail the particular construction of device illustrated in the drawings of the present case I will first explain very briefly the principles underlying the operation of this device. My device operates upon the principle that the static currents may be actually separated from the radio dynamic currents and when so separated may be dissipated'or eliminated in various manners. Such separation and dissipation or elimination is accomplished by rea son of the difference in characteristics and the nature of the static currents as compared to the radio dynamic currents.

Such complete separation of the static currents from the radio dynamic currents is to be clearly distinguished from merely chang ing the ratio of the static effect as compared to the radio dynamic currents effect. In order to completely separate the static currents from theradio dynamic currents I avail myself of certain fundamental differences in quantities and characteristics existing in these two classes of current. The static currents are either the same as or act in many respects similar to magnetic effects, and certain of the principles of magnetic actions may be used in eliminating the static effects. For example. it is a well established law that the magneto static currents will travel with dy namic or carrier currents until a suitable conductor is provided whose directional length is at right angles to the dynamic current conductor; that is to say the natural road of travel for magneto static is at right angles to the main. current. In the next place the electrostatic changes collect upon the outside surface only of tubes when the transmission conductors are provided for their escape from the inner to the outer surface. In the next place many substances that are dielectric to dynamic currents are conductors of magneto static currents, among these being silk, glass, hard-rubber,sealing wax and the like. In the next place some substances are absolutely non-magnetic and are therefore poor conductors of magneto static currents, although semi-conductors of radio'and dynamic currents in general, as for example carbon and graphite in solid form.

Keeping the above principles in mind I provide one or more conductors through which the currents are led, said conductors being surrounded by a magnetic sheath or sheaths, being insulated therefrom by silk or other material which is a conductor of static but an insulator of the dynamic radio currents. Such magnetic sheathing is then either grounded or a provision is made for eliminating therefrom static interferences in any convenient manner. For example, said sheathing may be connected to one or more plates having a large number of sharp points whereby the static influences collected on said plate or plates is readily dissipated into the atmosphere.

Thus it will be seen that I make provision for a definite separation and elimination of the magneto static from the main or dynamic currents and that I accomplish this result substantially without diminution of the radio dynamic currents themselves.

In the next place I have discovered that loose and yet positive electrical connection has a softening and mellowing effect upon the radio signals in their reception when they are conducted through substances such as metal wool, pulverized carbon and the like when tightly compressed within a container.

1 I avail myself of this principle in a further application of the features of my invention, not for the purpose of eliminating static but for the purpose of softening and mellowing the tonal qualities of the radio signals after the static has been eliminated.

The structure herein illustrated and particularly described is only one embodiment of structure incorporating these principles and in particularly illustrating and describing the same I do not intend to limit myself thereto except as I may do so in the claims.

Referring first to Figs. 2, 3, 4: and 5, the static eliminating elements are shown as being mounted upon a panel which, in the construction illustrated, constitutes one of the hinged covers of a box-like enclosure. This arrangement however, is adopted largely as a matter of convenience in mounting.

The incoming aerial hereof as a direct connection or modified in any convenient manner as for example in the arrangement in Fig. 7, is connected to a binding post 11, which for convenience is mounted on one of the four walls of the box to which the cover 10 is hinged. The hinged connection is established by means of the hinges 12 and 13; and the binding post 11 is connected to the hinge 12 by a strap 14 of conducting material.

Mounted upon the cover panel 10 is another strap 15 of conducting material which is also connected to the hinge 12 and receives the incoming current. Another strap 16 of conducting material is located on the face of the panel 10 at the other end thereof; and the straps 15 and 16 are connected together by a series of conducting bars 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21. These are conveniently in the form of copper wires having their ends bent to form eyes to receive the screws 22.

At the other side of the same faceof the panel 10 there are placed the straps 23 and 2 1 of conducting material which are also in similar fashion joined together by a series of conducting wires 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 similar to the wires 17 to 21 inclusive.

Each of the wires 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21, and 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 is enclosed by a series of soft iron wires 30 which constitute a magnetic shield and extend parallel to the central wire but are insulated therefrom by athin layer of suitable material such as silk, paper, etc, 31, such material being a conductor of magneto static but an insulator of dynamic currents. Surrounding the longitudinal wires 30 is another coating of insulating material such as paper, silk, etc., 32.

All of the bundles of wires 30 surrounding the wires 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 are connected together by a busbar 33 and all of the wires 30 surrounding the wires 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 are joined together by another busbar 34. These busbars 33 and 31 are in turn connectedto a plate which is placed on the face of the cover panel 10 in close proximity to the insulating layers 32 but preferal'ily not in contact with them. This plate 35 is formed with a large number of sharp points or burrs 36, preferably by perforating the plate at numerous places; so that any static energy accumulated on said plate will be readily dissipated into the atmosphere.

The plates 16 and 23 are joined together by 3 diagonally extending wires 37, 38 and 39 which are secured to binding posts 10 on the plates 16 and 23 so that said wires are sustained a suitable distance above the previously described devices and as will be readily understood from Fig. 1 in particular.

The above arrangement is such that the incoming radio energy together with any static carried thereby passes by way of the strap 14-, hinge 12, strap 15, wires 17, 18, 19. 20 and 21, to the strap 16, wires 37, 38 and 39 to the strap 23 and wires 25, 26, 27., 28 and 29 to the strap 24 and thence to the hinge 13.. The static energy will be transferred to the surrounding shield wires 30 which are preferably of soft wire and therefore highly ma gnetic. Thence it is transferred by induction to the magnetic plate 35 and is dissipated IOU Lil]

38 and 39 may be surrounded by a metal tube 41 of fairly large size and magnetic material;

the ends of these tubes 41 being insulated from the respective wires 37, 38 and 39 by means of the end blocks 42 of fibre or other suitable material. These tubes 41 are also preferably provided with numerous burrs 43 to establish sharp points by which the static energy is further dissipated into the air.

It will be observed from the foregoing description that I have provided one or more conductors for the radio current, the same being surrounded by a sheath of magnetic material separated from the conductor by a layer which insulates against radio dynamic but conducts magneto static, and said sheath in turn being connected to a plate or plates having a large number of sharp points such as burrs by means of which the static energy is dissipated into the surrounding atmosphere. By this means the static energy is first transferred to a magnetic conductor which is however electrically insulated from the radio conductor itself, said magnetic con ductor in turn being connected to a plate having numerous points by which the static energy is dissipated into the atmosphere.

Preferably, as in the construction illus trated in the drawings, there is a plurality of the radio conductors placed in series parallel connection with each other so as to greatly increase the effectiveness of static elimina tion and reduce the'resistance to passage of radio current as much. as possible.

Numerous details of construction may be modified or changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For eX- ample in Fig. 6 I have shown a cross section through amodified form of conductor to take the place of the static eliminating conductor previously illustrated and described. In the present case a flat. narrow strip of screening material preferably of iron wire, 44, takes the place of each of the wires 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, respectively. This is encased within a small tube 45 of insulating cloth, preferably silk; and another layer of magnetic screening such as iron wire screen ing, 46, is then folded around the central layer including the insulating sack45, as illustrated in Figure 6. Finally an enclosing tube or sack 47 of insulating cloth such as silk may be placed over the entire structure so as to protect the outside of the same.

The structures already described have to do primarily with the elimination of static andwith the interfering energy. and influences.

For the purpose of mellowing and inn proving the radio tones use may be had of panion insulating block 52.

the features of invention which I will now describe;

The radio waves delivered after eliminating the static influences passthrough the hinge 13 and thence upwards by a strip 48 in the box-like structure to a strip busbar 49 on the face of an insulated block 50.

Another companion busbar strip 51 is mounted upon an opposite face of the com- A number of socket blocks 53 are mounted on the strip 51, said bloc-ks having recesses in their exposed faces to accommodate the ends of short pencils 54 of graphite, or other carboncomposition material. The ends of the pencils 54 are preferably hemispherical as shown in Fig. 1.

The other hemispherical ends of said pencils are received within socket blocks 55; and said socket blocks 55 are in turn supported by machine screws or the like 56 which reach through the block 50 and busbar 49 as illustrated in 1. Set screws 5'7 are provided for locking the machine screws 56 by engage-v ment with the busbar strip 49.- In this way the pressures and contacts created by the carbonaceous pencils and their terminal blocks may be very accurately adjusted.

The radio current collected in the strip busbar 51, is next delivered to a terminal connection 58 which is connected to a plate across one end of a glass jar or the like 59. This plate conveniently takes the form of the metallic cover 60 which screws onto said glass jar.

The jar 59 is filled with highly comminuted conducting material such as iron filings, car bon gratings, 61, etc., and. at the back end of said a1 there is placed another plate 62 into which the radio currents are collected. Said currents are then transferred by a strip 63 to a similar plate 64, in another similar 65 which also is filled with comminuted material 66. This jar 65 is also provided with a corresponding plate 67 at the other end to which the terminal wire 68 is connected. Said terminal wire 68 is preferably connected to a terminal block 69 on the lid 70 which is hinged to the box-like structure by the hinges 71 and 72.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the mechanism for softening and mellowing the radio waves and tones comprisesessentially a. number of pencils of carbonaceous material connected up in parallel relationship and through it the radio currents are passed, together with terminal blocks which are in adjustable contact with said pencils; together with one or more conductors in the form of comminuted conducting material preferably contained within containers of electrostatic material such as glass.

As a matter of convenience and construction the box-like structure comprises the sides 73 and 74 together with the ends 7 5 and 70 IIEU which are all rigidly connected together, and also a transverse partition 77 within the boxlike structure so as to establish upper and lower compartments as illustrated in Fig. 3. The static eliminating devices are in the lower compartment and the tone mellowingr devices are in the upper compartment. The covers 10 and 70 may be fastened in any convenient manner as by screws 78 or suitable latches.

In some cases it will be desirable to provide supplemental means for static elimination so as to get rid. oi very violent static influences such as lightning strokes, etc. For this purpose reference may be had to Fig. 7 wherein there is illustrated a section of iron pipe or the like 79 preferably bent into shape. A conductor 80 extends through this pipe but is at all points insulated t-llGl'GfIOl'i'l, plugs of sealing wax 81 and 82 being); placed in the ends of the pipe 79 at the points where the Wire 80 passes in and out.

The pipe 79 is grounded by a ground connection 83. A three-way switch is provided, the same including a blade 84 and two contact points 85 and S6. The ends of the wire 80 are connected respectively to the contact points 85 and 86. The contact point 86 con nects by a wire 87 to the incoming terminal 11 already referred to, and the aerial connects to the blade 84 by a connection 88.

As a result of these arrangements by throwing' the switch into the full line position illustrated in Fig. 7, the incoming current is caused first to travel through the conductor 80 so that a considerable port-ion of the static is primarily eliminated by the pipe 79. This is the proper position for stormy weather operation. By throwing the switch into the dotted line position of Fig. 7, the conductor 80 is cut out of the circuit and the incoming; current is delivered directly to the terminal 11 already referred to.

Furthermore, I do not intend to limit myself to the particular constructions and arrangements herein illustrated and described except as I may do so in the claims.

Iclaim:

1. A device oi the class described comprising in combination an insulating panel. two oppositely dispos d pairs of busbars thereon, a plurality of conductors for radio current 1' oiningz togeth er the busbars of each pair, electrically insulating material on each of the said wires. a sheathing; of magnetic material suhstantially surrounding the insulation on each wire, a lay-er of insulation surroundingeach sheathing. a substantially large electrostatic dissipation plate in close proximity to all of said devices and having a large number of relatively sharp electrostatic dissipation points, an electric connection between all of the sheathing layers and said plate, a phi-- ralit-y of radio current conductors connecting together the diagonally opposite busbars of the two pairs, an electrostatic dissipation shell surrounding each of said diagonally connecting wires but insulated therefrom, a large number of sharp points on each of said shells and terminal connections to the other diagonally opposite busbars for received and dc liv-ered radio current substantially as described.

2. A device of the class described compris ing in combination an insulating panel, two oppositely disposed pairs of bus bars thereon, radio current conductors oining together the busbars or each pair, magnetic sheathings surrounding said conductors and electrically insulated from them, a static dissipation plate in close proximity to all of said parts, a large number of relatively sharp points on said plate, an electrical connection between all of the sheathings and said plate, conductors for radio current joining together the diagonally opposite busbars, and terminal connections to the other diagonally opposite bus bars, for received and delivered radio current substantially as described.

3. In a device of the class described the combination of an insulating panel, a pair of busbars thereon, a plurality of conductors for radio current joining together said busbars, magnetic sheathings surroundingsaid conductors and insulated from them, a static dissipation plate in close proximity to all of said parts, a large number of relatively sharp points on said plate, an electrical connection between all of the sheathinggs and said plate, conductors for radio current joining together and diagonally opposite busbars, and terminal connections to the busbars for received and delivered radio currents substantially as described.

i. In a device for the elimination of static influences from radio frequency current conductors, the combination with said conductors of magnetic sheathings surrounding said conductors and electrically insulated from them, a static dissipation plate in close proximity to said parts and provided with a large number of relatively sharp points, and electrical connections joining the sheathings to said plate substantially as described.

5. In a device for the elimination oi? electrostatic influences trom radio frequency current conductors the combination with said conduc tors of magnetic sheathinggs in close pro imity and electrically insulated therefrom. there being a large number of: relatively sharp points in electrical connection with said sheathings serving to dissipate static influences into the air substantially as described.

6. In a device for the elimination of static influences from radio frequency current conductors the combination with said conductors of sheathings of magnetic material surrounding them and adapted to receive static influences, and layers of silk interposed between said conductors and said sheathings and serving to transmit static currents from the conductors to the sheathings and to insulate the radio dynamic currents from the sheathings, substantially as described.

7 In a device for the elimination of static influences from radio frequency current conductors, the combination with said conduotors of layers of material surrounding them capable of insulating against the passage of radio dynamic currents and capable of transmitting magneto static currents, and suitable sheathings surrounding said layers to receive the magneto static currents, whereby the magneto static currents are separated from the radio dynamic currents substantially without diminution of the strength of the radio 15 tors, of a means for conducting magneto static 20 currents siclewise from said conductors to eliminate the same from the conductors, said means serving to insulate against the flow of radio dynamic currents, together with means for dissipating the magneto static currents so 25 removed, substantially as described.

JAMES A. BISHOP. 

